Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications

Figure 1. Foehn winds in the western United States. SG97020327.10

Figure 2. Flows around the major mountain barriers in Europe have been given special names. [Adapted from Wanner and Furger, 1990] SG96060309.1

Figure 3. A warm air zone or thermal belt is typically found on a valley sidewall at night. Colder air is present at the valley floor and on the ridgetops. SG97060063.20

Figure 4. Diurnal changes in stability cause a succession of typical plume forms that are described in the accompanying text. The diurnal plume forms include a) fanning, b) fumigating, c) looping, d) coning, and e) lofting plumes. A variety of special plume forms (f - j) are also shown in the diagram, but without accompanying temperature profiles. [Adapted from Bierly and Hewson, 1962; Angle and Sakiyama, 1991] SG97060063.12